咸阳市郊菜地土壤中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)污染研究

Pollution of Phthalic Acid Esters(PAEs)in Vegetable Soils in Xianyang Suburbs, Northwest China

选择咸阳市郊4块典型菜地，采集59个表层土壤样品，利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析了土壤中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸正二丁酯（DnBP）、邻苯二甲酸苄基丁基酯（BBP）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）和邻苯二甲酸正二辛酯（DnOP）6种美国环境保护部（US EPA）优控的 PAEs 含量，研究了土壤中 PAEs 的分布特征、构成特征、环境来源及污染水平。结果表明，咸阳市郊菜地土壤中这6种 PAEs 均有不同程度的检出，检出率为 DMP（100豫）=DnBP（100豫）跃DEHP（98豫）跃BBP（80豫）跃DnOP（66豫）跃DEP（52豫）；单个 PAEs 化合物含量从未检出到6313.36μg·kg-1，含量顺序为 DnBP跃DEHP跃DMP跃DnOP跃BBP跃DEP；6种 PAEs 总量（移6PAEs）在128.60～10288.42μg·kg-1之间，平均含量为632.10μg·kg-1；不同菜地土壤中移6PAEs 含量顺序为曹家寨跃郭村跃八兴滩跃东张村。与国内外已有研究结果比较发现，咸阳市郊菜地土壤中 PAEs 含量处于中等水平，土壤中 PAEs 主要以 DnBP、DEHP 和 DMP 为主。主成分分析和聚类分析表明，咸阳市郊菜地土壤中 DEHP 和 DnBP 主要来源于地膜的使用，DMP、DEP、BBP 和 DnOP 与个人护肤品、化妆品及室内装修材料有关。根据美国纽约州土壤 PAEs 控制和治理标准，咸阳市郊菜地土壤中 DMP 和 DnBP 分别有100豫和85豫的样品超过该控制标准，是主要控制污染物，但均未超过该治理标准。

Soil pollution by phthalic acid esters（PAEs）has become widespread. In the present study, a total of 59 topsoil samples were col-lected from four selected vegetable fields in Xianyang suburbs. High Performance Liquid Chromatography（HPLC）was used to analyze the concentrations of six PAEs, namely, di-methyl phthalate（DMP）, di-ethyl phthalate（DEP）, di-n-butyl phthalate（DnBP）, benzyl butyl ph-thalate（BBP）, di-（2-ethylehexyl）phthalate（DEHP）and di-n-octyl phthalate（DnOP）, which have been listed as priority pollutants by U-nited State Environmental Protection Agency（US EPA）. Composition and distribution, environmental sources and pollution levels of PAEs in soils were also studied. All six PAEs were detected in vegetable soils. The detection frequency was in order of DMP（100%）=DnBP （100%）〉DEHP（98%）〉BBP（80%）〉DnOP（66%）〉DEP（52%）. The concentrations of individual PAE compound varied from no detectable to 6 313.36 μg·kg-1 and their contents were DnBP〉DEHP〉DMP〉DnOP〉BBP〉DEP. The total content of six PAEs（Σ6PAEs）ranged from 128.60 μg·kg-1 to 10 288.42 μg·kg-1, with an average of 632.10 μg·kg-1, and followed in order of Caojiazhai soils〉Guocun soils〉Bax-ingtan soils〉Dongzhang soils. Compared to the results of other studies, the contents of PAEs in vegetable soils in Xianyang suburbs were in the middle level. Soil PAEs were dominated by DnBP, DEHP and DMP. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis indicated that DEHP and DnBP came mainly from the use of plastic film, and that DMP, DEP, DnOP and BBP were associated with cosmetics, personal care products and home decoration materials. Per the standard of control and cleanup of soil PAEs used in New York, US, the concentrations of DMP and DnBP in 100% and 85% soil samples exceeded the control standard values, but below the cleanup standard values.