试论20世纪初中国学堂乐歌之特征

Characteristicsof Chinese School Music of the Early 20th Century

学堂乐歌是20世纪初随着新式学堂的建立而兴起的音乐文化,其一般涵盖学堂开设的音乐课或为学堂歌唱而编创的歌曲。学堂乐歌在其发展过程中,形成一系列鲜明的特征,并成为中国近代音乐文化开启的标志。当时学堂乐歌的时代特征以救亡图存、提倡新精神、致力于国民素质之改善、鼓励学习新文化为主要内容,其创作的基本原则为"取彼国之善本,易我国之歌词。"表现出了中西合璧的音乐特色。另外,学堂乐歌集体而歌的形式,由校内走向社会,对其后大规模的群众歌咏运动产生了巨大的影响。

School music means a music culture which emerged with the establishment of the new school during the early 20th century. And it generally included the school music class or the specialized school singing songs. It has not only formed a series of distinct features but also become the beginning symbol of the China modern music culture during its development process. First of all, it focused its main content on salvaging the country, advocating the new spirit, promoting national patriotism, encouraging learning new culture. Secondly, the basic principle of school music was ＂to absorb the foreign format to replace the lyrics of our country＂. This had showed the mixed music features that combined with China and Western. In Addition, the school music synthesized its collective singing ways and eventually had a huge influence on the massive singing songs movement.