R&D投入的综合效应测算及政策启示

A measure of comprehensive effects of R&D expenditure and policy implications

如何测算R&D投入带来的综合效应,是政府有关部门关注的重要问题。本文基于投入产出法和乘数分析法,以我国2007年42行业R&D投入为例,从产业关联产出增值、劳动者报酬乘数效应值、国民收入乘数效应值以及直接投入新增就业岗位四个角度对R&D投入的综合效应进行了测算,得出以下主要结论:(1)通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业、化学工业、金属冶炼及压延加工业、交通运输设备制造业、通用、专用设备制造业等行业带来的综合效应较大,应重视面向这些产业加大R&D经费投入和人员投入的力度。(2)公共管理和社会组织、邮政业、建筑业、教育、水利、环境和公共设施管理业等行业带来的综合效应较小。(3)全社会应进一步重视R&D投入所产生的巨大效应,优化科研经费投向,动态调整科研经费投入结构,提高其综合效应。本文的研究方法可以为类似研究提供借鉴,研究结论可以为有关部门的R&D投资决策提供实证参考。

How to measure the comprehensive effects of R＆D expenditure has become an important problem in recent years.Concentrating on input-output method and multiplier analysis,we have measured the comprehensive effects of R＆D expenditure from four perspectives：associated output value,reward multiplier value,national income multiplier value and the number of new job.With the R＆D expenditure used as an example,we have achieved a series of results.First,comprehensive effects are larger for some industries,such as the manufacture of communication equipment,computer and other electronic equipment,chemical industry,industry of metals smelting and pressing,manufacture of transportation equipment,manufacture of general and special equipment.Second,comprehensive effects of R＆D expenditure is lower for some industries,such as public management and social organization,post industry,construction industry,industry of education,water conservancy,environment and public facilities management.Finally,we should attach greater importance to the comprehensive effects of R＆D expenditure.In order to improve the effects,governments should optimize the orientation of R＆D expenditure and adjust the structure of R＆D expenditure.The research method can provide reference for the similar study and the conclusions can provide empirical reference for R＆D investment decision.