摘要
研发投资是增强企业创新能力和竞争力的重要途径,我国企业研发投资面临着投入强度低和分布不均衡的问题。与现有研究不同,本文通过研发投资的行业特征分析,从企业和行业两个层面构建了企业研发投资的决定模型,以2005-2007年中国工业企业微观数据为样本,实证检验了各因素对企业R&D强度的影响,进而利用夏普里值分解法就企业研发投资差异的来源进行了探讨,得到如下结论:微观层面,生产规模、企业年龄、资产负债率与R&D强度显著负相关,企业性质对研发决策也具有显著影响;行业层面,平均研发强度、市场集中度和外部筹资环境对研发投资存在显著的正效应,新产品销售收入占比和研发集中度则具有明显的抑制作用;根据夏普利值的分解结果,行业因素对企业研发投资差异的平均贡献高达86.5%,企业因素的贡献度仅为13.5%,表明企业研发投资的差异主要源于行业特征的不同,而不是企业行为异质性的结果。
R&D investment is the key to change economic development pattern and enhance the industrial competitiveness.While Chinese enterprise faced with both low intensity and skew distribution of firm R&D investment.Unlike existing research,this paper is going to analysis the industry characteristics of R&D investment,and present a decision model of enterprise R&D investment by two fields which are enterprise and industry.We use a micro-data of Chinese manufacturing industries from 2005 to 2007 as samples to test the factors of firm R&D intensity.Moreover,we discuss the differences of enterprise R&D investment by Shapley value decomposition method,and get the following conclusions.At micro-level,the intensity of R&D has significant negative correlations with production scale,firm age and asset-liability ratio,and enterprise property also effects the R&D decisions hardly.In addition,industry level factors such as average R&D intensity,market concentration and the environment of external financing has significant positive effects to firm R&D investment.However,there are obvious inhibitive effects from the ratio of new products' sales revenue and R&D concentration.According to the analysis of Shapley value,industry factors contributes the 86.5% to the differences of firm R&D investment,and enterprise factors only contributes the 13.5%.In conclusion,the differences of investment in research and development are because of the different industries characteristics,not the enterprise behavior.
出处
《科学学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第5期724-734,共11页
Studies in Science of Science
基金
国家软科学研究计划项目(2013GXS4D108)
关键词
研发投资
企业行为
行业特征
夏普里值分解
R&D investment
enterprise behavior
industry characteristics
Shapley value decomposition method