香港教育“立交桥”:资历架构的新进展——学分累积与转移(CAT)政策和原则分析

The New Progress of Qualifications Framework in Hong Kong:Analysis of Policy and Principles for Credit Accumulation and Transfer(CAT)

香港地区的资历架构历经十余年的建设已经逐渐走向成熟,2014年7月又正式推出了《香港资历架构学分累积与转移:政策及原则》文件,文件阐明香港高校建立的学分转移制度及程序应有透明度、公平和灵活易用,学分转移的决定应有学术依据,以学习成果为基础等基本原则。制定学分转移政策,具有可以减少重复学习及促进学习者在不同行业、资历级别和类别之间的流动为目标的基本价值。资历架构下的认可资历有级别、资历名衔及学分的特点。资历学分认定主体为高校、培训机构和非本地教育提供者。各类学分认定主体分别采用"固定比率"和按照"学习成果"的算法等评定办法。香港资历架构新进展的政策,对国家开放大学"学分银行"建设的启示:香港资历构架建设可作为内地"学分银行"建设的路线图加以参考,香港资历架构学分累积与转移政策可为解决内地"学分银行"实施在技术性和操作性上的问题提供帮助。

The Qualifications Framework （QF） in Hong Kong has been developing for more than ten years. In July of 2014, the Hong Kong Government launched the booklet, Policy and Principles for Credit Accumulation and Transfer under Qualifications Framework in Hong Kong, which clarifies that CAT policy of the higher education providers in Hong Kong should be transparent, fair and flexible in accordance with the new policy. The steps of credit transfer should be followed the principles of meeting academic requirements and being based on learning outcomes, etc. The value of the policy and principles for CAT lies in reducing the repetition of learning and promoting the learners＂ mobility across the sectors, levels and types of qualification. The generic level, title of qualification and credit comprise the procedure of Qualification Recognition under QF in Hong Kong. The universities, training institutions and non-local education providers are the main bodies who determine the QF credits. But they often adopt different approaches like ＂fixed ratio＂ and ＂learning-outcome-based＂ to recognize the credits. The new progress of Qualifications Framework in Hong Kong provides some inspirations for the ＂Credit Bank＂ in the Open University of China. The process of the building of QF in Hong Kong can be the example for the ＂Credit Bank＂ in China to follow and the policy and principles for Credit Accumulation and Transfer （CAT） can be the technical and practical reference for the ＂Credit Bank＂ in China to take.