职业中间商空间嵌入与国际贸易模式演进

Professional Middlemen's Spatial Embedded and International Trade Pattern Evolution

近年来,职业中间商在特定经济空间的嵌入性生发和集聚是中国外贸发展中的重要现象。本文运用超边际分析方法,将职业中间商空间嵌入对国际贸易模式的影响机制及其经济发展效应进行模型化,揭示了职业中间商空间嵌入促进国际贸易模式演进的内在规律。研究发现:直接贸易模式只在内生比较优势不明显的条件下存在,内生比较优势的充分提高带来了职业中间商的嵌入性生发和集聚,由此嵌入型贸易模式将取代直接贸易模式。如果贸易服务与最终产品的综合学习成本较低,那么,随着市场交易效率的提高,直接型贸易将转变为嵌入型贸易;而在市场交易效率既定的条件下,劳动密集型与资本密集型或贸易服务密集度较低的商品则分别倾向于选择嵌入型模式与直接型模式,这意味着地区国际化路径存在贸易驱动、投资驱动或两轮驱动的多样性。国际贸易模式演进还具有优化劳动力配置、提升劳动生产率、扩张市场容量和提高人均收入的经济发展效应。通过优化贸易制度环境、建设贸易技术支持平台和改革监管方式来提升交易效率,进而促进职业中间商嵌入性集聚,对推动外贸和经济发展具有重要意义。

In recent years, the phenomenon that professional middlemen has embedded in specific economic space is important for international trade development in China. By using infra-marginal analysis method, this paper analyzes the relationship and interaction mechanism between professional middlemen＇s spatial embedded and international trade pattern. We find that： professional middlemen embedded in specific economic space which is determined by endogenous comparative advantage and promotes direct international trade pattern changing to the embedded type. If the comprehensive learning cost of trade services and the final product is low, the direct model will be converted to the embedded international trade pattern along with enhancing of the efficiency of market transactions. In a condition that market transaction efficiency is given, labor-intensive commodity will be inclined to choosing indirect pattern, however capital intensive or low trade service intensity products will choose direct pattern, which means the international path is different between all kinds of regions. The evolution of international trade pattern has the function of promoting the optimal allocation of labor, improving labor productivity, expanding market capacity and increasing per capita income levels. To improve market transaction efficiency through trade institution reform is crucial for promoting local international and economic development.