老年人社会服务需求、供给及利用情况分析——以北京市西城区为例

An Analysis of the Supply,Demand,and Utilization of Social Services for Senior Citizens in Xicheng District of Beijing

利用2013年北京市西城区老年人社会服务调研数据,对当前西城区老年人社会服务的供给、需求和利用情况进行分析,结果显示:西城区社会养老服务面临的最主要问题是服务的需求率、供给率与使用率之间严重不平衡,即高需求率、低供给率和低使用率之间的矛盾。一方面老年人的需要得不到满足,另一方面又造成社会资源的闲置和浪费,无法实现物尽其用。总结起来说就是"一高二低",一高,即目前西城区社会养老服务需求量高;二低,即服务供给率低、利用率低。造成这种局面的原因可总结为"七缺少",即缺少资金、场地、人员、专业性、个性化、便利性和知晓度。社会养老服务的供给量应与需求量相适应,加大为老服务的资金支持力度,引进专业技术人才,拓展服务种类和范围,加大宣传力度等,以适应养老模式的转变、满足人民群众的养老服务需求。

T he article analyzes the supply and demand of the social services for the senior citizens in Xicheng District of Beijing based on the relevant data in 2013. Results show that the social elderly care service in Xi-cheng District is characterized by the short supply and inadequate utilization. On one hand, the seniors’ need of social service cannot be satisfied ;on the other hand, the recourses of social service are not made full use of. It is also found that such a circumstance results from the inadequacy in seven aspects, namely, fund, space, personnel, and the professionalism, individualism, convenience and popularity of the services. Several conclusions can be drawn from this study. First, the supply of social service for senior citizens should meet the demand. Second, the financial support should be enhanced. Third, the professionals and more types of individualized services should be introduced. Last, the popularity of the services should be promoted.