历史唯物主义视域中的自由概念

The Conception of Freedom in Historical Materialism

对自由概念的界定是贯穿于整个人类思想史的大问题,但是马克思之前的西方哲学家们囿于"主客对立"的传统认识论哲学框架,要么把自由定义为对于必然性的认识和摆脱,要么把自由归纳成对于道德至善的趋近,换来的都是如镜花水月般难以触摸的、抽象的自由概念,直到马克思及其创立的历史唯物主义的出现,才真正触及到了自由概念的真蕴。马克思立足于人的现实存在,把自由归结为人的本质在自身历史性实践中的不断实现,对自由及其实现做出了迄今为止最为合理、最为科学的界定,最终使得自由概念的存在论内涵及其历史性意义得以解蔽。

How to define the concept of freedom is a very important problem in the history of human. A lot of scholars have tried to solve this problem, but only Marx really touched the intrinsic dimension of freedom. Marx de- fined freedom as ＂the historic realization of human nature＂ in the context of historical materialism, and cracked the age-old puzzle in the ontology level. But many people ignored the ontological foundation of the freedom concept, due to the limited of the traditional philosophy in our theoretical field. It is still discussing an ontological issue in the epistemology system, unable to demonstrate revolutionary significance and humanistic value of Marx＇s view.