关于西湖八社的几个问题考辨

A Study of Problems on West Lake Eight- Societies

西湖八社活动于明代嘉靖年间的杭州西湖地区,在文人结社史上有着重要的地位与影响。前贤今人对西湖八社的研究较多,但关于西湖八社的形成基础、参社成员以及社团性质等问题仍有待讨论。西湖八社的形成并不是源于某一个具体的社团,西湖社、西湖书社或大雅堂社均不是它形成的基础,西湖八社的基础非常广泛。有学者认为孔天胤、李奎二人亦属西湖八社成员,其说不当,该社成员只有社约中规定的七位。西湖八社形式上有八个分社,但实质上是基于同一个文人群体的复合式大社,更多情况下应将其视作"一",而不是"八"。

The West Lake Eight-Societies have important position and influence in the history of the literati as- sociation in the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty in West Lake area. The previous scholars have done more researches on West Lake Eight-Societies, but there are lots of problems that still need to be discussed, such as the forming ba- sis, the members and the nature. The West Lake Eight-Societies were not formed due to a specific community and the West Lake Society, the West Lake Publishing Society and the Dayatang Society are not its foundation. Kong Tianyin, Li Kui are the members of West Lake Eight-Societies, which is not reliable as there are only seven mem- bers according to the regulations of the society. In form, the West Lake Eight-Societies has eight branchs, but in fact it is a composite society with scholars of the same type, hence we should regard it as ＂one＂ society, rather than ＂eight＂.