家庭政策与道德伦理——以美国家庭政策的发展为例

Family Policies and Ethics

家庭是组成人类社会的基本单元,也是个人生存和发展的主要场所,它对个体和社会的发展都发挥着重要的作用。道德伦理是处理人与人、人与社会之间关系的一般规律。家庭政策是社会政策的重要组成部分,它的制定过程受到政治、经济、社会文化,尤其是社会道德伦理方面的影响。美国虽然尚未建立健全的家庭政策体系,但其发展的速度和规模是比较典型的。它的发展大致经历了四个阶段:政府开始干预阶段、政府广泛干预阶段、提倡个人和家庭责任阶段、责任主体多元化阶段,其中每一个阶段都受到了当时广泛流行的道德伦理的影响。

Family is the basic unit of the society and the place where people survive and develop. Family plays an important role in the development of individual and society. Meanwhile, ethics is a general rule of dealing with relationships among people and between people and society. Family policies are important parts of social poli- cies, and are affected by politics, economy and social cultures, especially by the ethics. There is no sound system of family policies in the United States nowadays, but its speed and scale of development is very typical. There are four stages： intervention of the government, extensive intervention of the government, advocation of personal and family responsibility, and diversified responsibility. Each stage is influenced by the popular morality and ethics at that time.