“千古未发之藏”的抉发——王夫之对“心之官则思”的阐释和辨析

On Wang Fu-zhi's Explanation and Analysis of Xinzhiguanzesi

"思"是中国传统哲学中的重要范畴。孟子提出了"心之官则思"的著名命题,但是长期以来人们对孟子的这一命题没有给予足够的重视,也未对其深刻义蕴和价值作更多的阐释。王夫之在《读四书大全说》中对这一命题的含义进行了深入地诠释和阐发,并从五个方面对"思"所涉及的问题进行了辨析。通过这些诠释和辨析,王夫之成功地论证了以下三点:一、"思"是属于人所特有的功能,是人区别于禽兽的根本标志;二、通过"思"所得到的结果一定是道德仁义,而道德仁义也只有凭借"思"才能获得;三、"格物、致知、诚意、正心"其实都是"思"发挥作用的过程。

Si is a very important category in traditional Chinese philosophy. Mencius proposed the famous proposition of Xinzhiguanzesi. But people did not pay enough attention to this proposition for a long time nor the interpretation of its profound meaning and value. Wang Fu-zhi had deep interpretation and analysis about this proposition in the Reading Four Books and ana- lyzed the problems related to Si from five aspects. Through the interpretation and analysis, Wang Fu-zhi demonstrated success fully the following three points. Firstly, Si belongs to the unique function of the human being and it is the fundamental mark for the human being different from animals. Secondly, the result through Si must be moral righteousness and the moral right eousness can be only obtained through Si.