运动员核心价值观问卷的编制与检验

Development and Validation of Athletes' Core Values Questionnaire for Chinese Athletes

目的:编制1份能够反映我国当代运动员训练和比赛实际的运动员核心价值观问卷。方法:通过文献资料分析及先后对15名教练员、7名运动队管理人员、10名运动员和12名体育学者进行的运动员核心价值观评价的开放式调查,编写105个条目的初测问卷。利用初测问卷对302名运动员进行测试,通过项目分析和探索性因素分析对问卷进行项目筛选。利用正式问卷对523名运动员进行测试,检验问卷的各项心理测量学指标。结果:项目分析和探索性因素分析表明,问卷由28个条目组成,包括荣耀祖国、拼搏超越、崇尚公平、团队协作、善待身心和回报社会等6个因子。问卷的信效度检验结果表明,问卷的内部一致性信度、内容效度和结构效度均达到心理测量学的要求。此外,研究发现性别和技术等级对运动员核心价值观的部分因子存在显著影响。结论:编制的运动员核心价值观问卷具有良好的信度和效度,可以作为我国运动员核心价值观的评价工具。

Objective： The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to reflect the reality of Chinese athletes’ training and competition. Methods： After literature review and successively open investigation on athletes’ core values of 15 coaches,7 administrators,10 athletes and 12 sports scholars,we made an initial questionnaire including 105 items. We used this initial questionnaire to investigate 302 athletes’ core values,and analyzed the items and exploratory factors to optimize the questionnaire. Then we used this optimized questionnaire in523 athletes to test and validate its psychology indexes. Results： Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis found that athletes’ core values questionnaire is composed of 28 items,including 6 factors such as glory of motherland,hard work,advocating fair,teamwork,treating the body and mind,repaying the society. Test results show that the questionnaire has good reliability and validity. Besides,results show that gender and technical grade have significant influences on some factors of athletes’ core values. Conclusion： The questionnaire has good reliability and validity,which can be used in both research and practice to evaluate athletes’ core values.