政区与地方社会的融汇——以秦汉六朝时期的剡县、鄮县为例

The Integration of Administrative Divisions and Local Society:A Case Study of Shan and Mao Counties during the Qin,Han and Six Dynasties

东汉时期,史书对会稽郡的剡县和鄮县境内反抗王朝权威的人群分别以"山越"和"海贼"加以描述。在人群编户、定居与进入官僚体制的影响下,剡县的形象发生转变。至东晋南朝时期,剡县成为传授佛、道之法与士人隐逸的"地方"。鄮县的例子反映出上层士人因不同的知识构成、立场而对某一县进行想象或选择性的叙说。择取剡县和鄮县作为个案的分析表明,"政区"与"地方"虽然具有不同性质,但存在着相互融汇的历史过程:在县级政区提供的基本框架内,"地方"不断强化县级"政区"的诸种要素,形成对县的认同,确立县级政区的相对稳定,这一稳定性又进而形成一定秩序的地方社会。

During the Eastern Han Dynasty,the people of Shan and Mao Counties in Kuaiji Prefecture who resisted imperial authority were described as'shan yue'(山越)and'hai zei'(海贼)in historical records.Under the influence of household registration,settlement and the introduction of a bureaucratic system,the image of Shan County changed.By the Eastern Jin and Southern dynasties,it had become a'locality'where Buddhism and Taoism were preached and scholars lived in seclusion.The example of Mao County reflects the different ways scholars from the upper social strata would envision or selectively describe a county,depending on their different knowledge structures and standpoints.A case study of the two counties shows that despite their very different natures,'administrative divisions'became integrated with'local society'over the course of history:within the basic framework provided by county-level administrative divisions,'local society'constantly strengthened various features of these divisions,helping to develop a sense of county identity and to keep county-level administrative divisions relatively stable.Such stability would go on to shape a certain order in local society.