大都市区的形成与发展:二十世纪中期以来世界城市化转型综论

The Formation and Development of Metropolitan Areas:A Review of World Urbanization since the Mid-20^(th) Century

自20世纪中期以来,世界很多经济较发达国家在其城市人口超过农村人口后,相继向一个有别于传统城市化的阶段转型:城市化发展重心转向郊区,城市布局从高度集中转为相对分散;城市空间结构从单中心向多中心过渡,形成新的区域资源配置;城市与郊区的区别淡化,两者从分离走向统一,形成新的一体化地域实体——大都市区。这一走向标志着世界范围内城市发展重心的转变,从单纯的人口转移型向结构转换型过渡,从城市的集中型发展转向城乡统筹发展,这是城市化的高级发展阶段。

Since the mid-20 th century,a number of countries with highly developed economies have reached a stage in which their urban population outnumbers their rural population,prompting a phased transition that differs from traditional urbanization.The focus of urbanization shifts outwards to the suburbs and the urban layout changes from being highly concentrated to being relatively dispersed;urban spatial structures move from being monocentric to polycentric,bringing about a new allocation of regional resources;and differences between city and suburb blur as they become unified rather than separate,thus forming integrated local entities—metropolitan areas.This transition marks a shift of focus in urban development worldwide,i.e.,from a simple shift of population to a structural transformation and from city-focused development to the comprehensive development of rural and urban areas.This is the advanced stage of urbanization.