国家竞走青年队冬训训练负荷特点研究

Training Load Characteristics of the National Walking Race Youth Team's Winter Training

通过运用文献资料法、数理统计法及生理生化指标测试法,对国家竞走青年队俄罗斯外教组2013年冬训的训练负荷进行分析,探索俄罗斯竞走训练负荷结构和节奏特点。研究发现:在冬训中外教通常采取每周双循环的训练安排,每四周为一个训练周期,三周走量一周调整,根据不同阶段的训练目的,有针对性的对课型进行调整。冬训第一阶段(平原训练)、第二阶段(高原训练)均以较低强度的脂肪供能训练和糖脂协调供能训练为主,中间穿插速度训练,具有较强的训练节奏。第一阶段身体素质训练占总训练课次的33%;第二阶段身体素质训练占总训练课次的17%;第三阶段(赛前平原训练)以糖脂协调供能训练、无氧阈训练、最大摄氧量速度训练为主,以较低强度的脂肪供能训练作为保持运动员心肺功能和恢复手段,训练节奏明显。其中,第三阶段的身体素质训练占总课次的11%。冬训不同阶段的身体训练与技术训练应紧密结合。

The methods of literature material, mathematical statistics, physiological and biochemical index test are a- dopted in the paper to analyze the winter training load characteristics of national walking race athletes designed by the Russian coach team in 2013 in order to explore the training load characteristics in Russia. The research findings show that these foreign coaches tend to arrange their training in a dual - cycle way with every 4weeks as a training cycle. The training sessions are adjusted according to different training purposes. The first phase （ plain training） and the second phase （plateau training） are both focused on energy supply by fat and glycolipid coordination at a lower intensity with speed training in between and relatively intensified rhythm training. Physi- cal fitness training accounts for 33% of the total in the first phase and 17% in the second phase. The third phase（ pre - competition plain ） main focuses on energy supply training of glycolipid coordination, anaerobic threshold training and maximum oxygen uptake training. Physical fitness training in the third phase takes up l 1% of the total sessions. The paper according suggests that physical and technique training in winter should be closely integrated.