田径1500米跑运动员专项能力评估方法构建

Assessment Methods of 1500-m Runners' Special Ability

目的:通过对田径1 500m跑运动员的有氧能力、无氧能力、运动学参数的测定,分析运动员专项能力的影响因素,并探索建立田径1 500m运动员专项能力评估方法体系。方法:14名二级男子运动员进行模拟1 500m全程跑、起跑加途中跑测试、递增负荷测试、300m全力跑测试、恒定负荷测试,得到运动成绩、运动前后血乳酸值、运动中心率、步频、步长、最大摄氧量速度、等指标,根据个人成绩平均速度高低分为快慢两组,平均速度5m/s以上受试者设为快组,以下设为慢组,每组各7人。并对其他指标进行比较和相关性分析。结果:与慢组相比,快组恒定负荷后血乳酸显著较低(P<0.05)、快组的最大摄氧量速度、步频均显著高于慢组(P<0.05);通过相关性分析得到,最大摄氧量速度与运动成绩具有显著相关性(r=0.619,P<0.05);途中跑段落后血乳酸变化与终点跑后血乳酸变化具有明显负相关(r=-0.756,P<0.01)。结论:(1)最大摄氧量速度可评估1 500m跑运动员的有氧耐力;(2)70秒亚极量恒定负荷后血乳酸可评估1 500m跑运动员的无氧耐力;(3)步频是反映1 500m跑运动员技术能力更重要的指标。

Purpose ： The paper is to investigate the influencing factors of 1500 - m running by testing kinematics pa- rameter, aerobic and anaerobic capacity and explore establishing the assessment methods of the special ability of 1500 -m running. Method： 14 Grade 2 athletes participating in simulated 1500 -m running are tested for their omnidistance, start and intermediate run, incremental load, 300 - m run and constant load. Their perform- ances, stride length, stride frequency, blood lactate, heart rate, speed associated with VO2 max are recorded. According to their individual speed, they are divided into fast （average speed over 5m/s） and slow （average speed below 5m/s） with each group consisting of 7 members. Other indexes are compared and analyzed in terms of their correlation. Results ： the fast group indicates significant decrease in blood lactate under constant load compared with the slow group （P 〈 0.05）. The fast group is obviously higher than the slow group in maxi- mum oxygen uptake speed and stride frequency （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The analysis indicates significant correlation be- tween VO2max and sports performance（ r = -O. 756, P 〈 O. O1 ）. Conclusion： （1） VO2max can be used to e- valuate 1500 -m runners＇ aerobic endurance. （2） Blood lactate after 70s sub -maximal constant load can be used to evaluate of 1500 -m runners＇ anaerobic endurance. （3） Stride frequency is an important indicator to evaluate technique capability of 1500 - m runners.