世界田径项目不同人种运动成绩差异的数据分析

Analysis Based on the Data of World Track and Field Events of Differences in Sport Performance

以近五年重大比赛中田径奖牌成绩与运动员人种分布为切入点,运用文献资料法、数理统计法等研究方法,对各人种在田径项目中的实力进行比较,针对其相关差异对世界田径项目发展的影响进行分析。结果表明:(1)田径项目的总体竞技实力分别由黑种人和白种人构成,黑种人在金牌总数和奖牌总数居于榜首,分别占奖牌总数的20.4%和55.0%;白种人为12.4%和41.7%,远高于黄种人的0.5%和3.3%;(2)各人种虽然表现出田径项目运动能力的差异性特征,但随着时间的推移出现了阶段性的变化与转移,2012年和2013年世界大赛中,黑种人和白种人在跳跃、超长距离上发生了项目优势转移;(3)各人种运动成绩的变化与人的生理性、地理环境性、文化性差异因素息息相关,当这些因素或主导因素或因素群趋于相似和稳定,相同的人种进而形成相近的体育项目。据此提出,不可臆测各人种与田径运动成绩的相互关系,不可断定世界田径项目与各人种不均衡的表现形式。

Based on the medal grades in the great track and field events in recent five years and the distribution of athlete races, the paper adopts the methods of literature and mathematical statistics to compare the actual strength of different races in various track and field events, and analyses their different influence on the world track and field development. The results show that （ 1 ） the competitive strengths of the track and field events are shared the black and the white. The black ranks first both in gold medals number and total medals number, which are respectively 20.4% and 55.5%, the white 12.4% and gl. 7% while the yellow is only O. 5% and 3.3%. （2）Although difference characteristics are witnessed in the track and field strengths in different races, there are periodical changes and transfer as the time passes. In 2012 and 2013 world competitions, the black and the white＇ s dominant position in jumping and long - distance events transferred. （3） The sports perform- ance of different races is closely related with their physiological differences, geographical environment and cul- tural differences. Therefore, the paper point out that we can not conjecture the correlation between races and sports performances, neither can we assert unbalanced manifestation between track and field events and different sports races.