美国TSP计划及其对中国机关事业单位职业年金制度的借鉴启示

The TSP Plan of the United States and Its Implications for Occupational Annuity of China's Government and Public Institutions

中国当前正在酝酿规划机关事业单位的职业年金制度,而美国始于20世纪80年代中期的联邦政府雇员节俭储蓄计划(TSP计划)是一项DC型补充养老保险计划,对于中国当前改革具有借鉴价值。文章讨论了美国TSP计划的缴费安排、税收政策和投资选择等基础或核心制度安排,从中提取规律性经验;并且反思中国机关事业单位养老保险制度改革的困境,认为改革总体不成功的深层原因在于缺乏包括职业年金在内的"三个配套"。在此基础上,文章提出美国TSP计划对中国建立机关事业单位职业年金制度的若干借鉴与启示。

China is currently working on establishing occupational annuity for government and public institutions. The Thrift Savings Plan （TSP） for federal employees of the United States, which was launched in the mid - 1980s, is a DC - type supplementary pension plan and has important implications for China. This paper discusses the basic and core institutional arrangements such as the plan contribution, the tax policy and the investment selection, and reviews some general experience. It also reflects on the dilemma of pension reform of China＇s government and public institutions, and finds that the deep reasons for the reform failure are the lack of ＂three matches＂ in which the occupational annuity is involved. Based on it, the paper suggests several implications of the TSP for the occupational annuity of China＇s government and public institutions.