从“麻雀”到“害人鸟”:五十年代中后期灭雀运动的话语逻辑

From "Sparrows" to "Pests" :on the Discourse Molding of Eradicating Sparrows Movement in the Middle and Late Period of 1950s

20世纪50年代,"麻雀"成为"害人鸟"的话语塑造与同时期开展的整风运动到反右派斗争之间存在密切关联。"双百"到"整风"使"麻雀"成为讨论热点,反右派斗争的推进则使麻雀问题日益被赋予政治意义,逐渐被塑造成"害人鸟"。上海舆论宣传领域反右派斗争进程中的关键事件在"麻雀"与"运动"间建立起种种或明或隐的关联。无论是作为"科学范畴"的讨论,还是以"社会运动"叙述模式呈现的"麻雀"问题讨论,归根结底都是作为舆论宣传的不同表现形式,展示出多重关系的复杂历史图景。

In 1950s, the discourse moulding of “the sparrow” becoming “harm bird” was closely related to the rectification movement and the anti-rightist struggle. “The sparrow” became the focus of discussion by “Double Hundred” and“Rectification Movement”, the issue of “sparrow” was given the political significance by the anti rightist struggle, and was gradually moulded into “harm bird”. The key events in Shanghai propaganda field of the anti-rightist struggle established the obvious or hidden connection between “sparrow” and “movement”. Both the discussion of “the scientific category”and the “parrow” in the narrative form of “social movement” , were the different forms of propaganda, and showed the complicated picture of multiple relations among situation change, senior-level intention and responses of propaganda practitioners.