国际石油公司与1950年西方第一次对华石油禁运

The Relationship between Multinational Oil Companies and the First Western Oil Embargo on China in 1950

1950年,以美国为首的西方国家对中国实施了严厉的石油禁运。这次石油禁运是中国历史上遭受的第一次石油禁运,与国际石油公司(主要是美孚、亚细亚和德士古)有非常密切的关系。开始,美国国务院构建了以美孚等三大石油公司为核心的输华石油控制模式。其后,因朝鲜战争的爆发,美国迅速与英国协调,依靠三公司对华实施石油禁运。三公司成为美国运用石油武器的有力工具。西方对华石油禁运不但使20世纪50年代中国的石油供应更依赖苏联,而且强化了中国发展自己石油工业的决心。

In 1950,the US-led Western countries carried out a harsh oil embargo on China.This was the first oil embargo China suffered,in which the multinational oil companies(mainly the Standard-Vacuum,The Shell of China and Texas) played very important roles.At first,the U.S.State Department began to build the framework of oil export control through these three major oil companies.Due to the outbreak of the Korean War,the United States started to coordinate with the United Kingdom and implemented an oil embargo on China relying on the three oil companies.Thus,these three major oil companies became a powerful tool in America's manipulation of the oil weapon.The embargo not only forced China to rely more on the oil supply from the Soviet Union in 1950 s,but also intensified China's determination to develop its own oil industry.