部门内企业的代谢竞争与价值规律的实现形式--一个演化马克思主义的解释

The Metabolistic Competition and New Forms of the Law of Value:An Evolutionary-Marxist Explanation

本文试图把演化经济学的观点,即以组织知识生产的专有性为中介,不同企业可以采用不同的技术或不同的生产方式来生产属于一个部门的产品,纳入马克思的理论。在此基础上,会形成一个与马克思的模型不同的部门内竞争的动态层级结构,部门内竞争也相应地转化为不同企业之间以各自产品的性价比为前提的市场份额竞争,即代谢竞争。本文在劳动价值论的基础上构建一个部门内竞争的动态层级结构的模型,探讨价值规律在这种竞争结构里得以实现的新形式,并在这个模型的基础上进一步定义企业的竞争优势,分析同一部门内的企业之间可能存在的不同类型的代谢竞争关系。

In this article, we try to incorporate insights of Evolutionary Economics into Marxian theory, by proposing that different firms could apply different technologies or different modes of production, on the basis of specificity in the production of organizational knowledge, to make products belonging to the same sector. A new model is constructed which is termed dynamic hierarchical structure of intra-sectoral competition, in contrast to traditional Marxian model. The intra- sectoral competition is thus transformed into market share competition based upon different ratios of use-values and prices among different firms, i. e, the metabolistic competition. We attempt a research of new forms of the law of value under dynamic hierarchical structure of intra-sectoral competition and build up a model by combining two Marxian concepts of socially necessary labor, in order to explain so-called metabolistic competition. A new definition of competitive advantage at firm level as well as different types of intra-sectoral metabolistic competitive relations is analyzed in the light of this model.