中国近代史研究中的“范式”问题

The Paradigms in Modern Chinese History Studies

1970年代末中国实行改革开放政策后,国家目标的调整影响了史学研究范式的变化。源于自然科学史研究的"范式"概念,与"新时期"的中国近代史研究产生了微妙的契合,也在引入伊始即在理解上发生了有意无意的偏差。"革命"和"现代化"两种范式的主要分歧,一是中国近代史是"一场革命史"还是"一场现代化史",二是应当"以革命包容现代化"还是应当"以现代化包括革命"。这场旷日持久的争论,就其学术方面而言,最终达成了具有建设性的共识:中国近代史研究中的不同范式,应当"扩散"、"并存"、"互济",而不是"取代"、"排斥"、"包括",这一共识对学术研究产生了积极的影响。

Since adopted the reform and opening-up policy at the end of 1970 s,China has made a few adjustments regarding its national goals,which correspondingly triggered the paradigmatic shifts in the field of modern Chinese history studies. Originated from the study of natural sciences history,the concept of paradigm delicately fits the modern Chinese history studies in the new era. Nevertheless,there are some deviations in using the concept paradigm by historians both wittingly or unwittingly since it was introduced into the field of modern Chinese history studies from the very beginning. As the two dominating paradigms in modern Chinese history studies,revolution paradigm differs from modernization paradigm in two ways: first,is modern Chinese history a history of revolution or a history of modernization? Second,should the researcher take the approach of revolution accommodating modernization or vice versa? Academically speaking,this arduous debate ultimately gave rise to a constructive consensus,i. e. different paradigms in modern Chinese history studies should diffuse,coexist and be mutually complementary instead of replacing,excluding and encompassing each other. This consensus had positive bearings on academic studies in the field.