明清时期生态环境、经济模式及社会冲突——以浙江山区为例

Eco-environment,Economic Modeling and Social Conflict during Ming and Qing Dynasty:A Case Study of Zhejiang Mountainous Region

浙江省西北、东南部属于多山地和丘陵地带,受自然条件、人口等因素的制约,明中叶以前,经济开发的整体水平低下,未开发和尚未充分开发区域较广,属典型的自给自足的经济模式。然而自明中后期开始伴随着外来人口的大量流入及不同的技术手段、生产方式和土地利用方式的采用,浙江山区原有经济模式与生态环境的矛盾日益凸显,当地的自然环境与社会环境逐渐失衡,尤其是本地居民与外来移民冲突不断。为此,清政府采取措施以加强对外来移民的控制。

Before the middle period of Ming Dynasty, due to the natural conditions, population and other factors, the economic development of the mountainous and hilly northwest and southwest of Zhejiang Province was rather delayed and many areas in that region had not yet been fully developed. However, after the middle and late period of Ming Dynasty, with continuous immigrant flow of other provinces and various technical means, production modes and forms of land utilization, there were increasingly conflicts between the original economic mode and the ecological environment, the local people and the immigrants. This paper attempts to analyze the causes, characteristics and relations of such imbalance from the angle of environmental changes.