涉外船舶碰撞民事司法管辖权的立法完善

The Legislative Perfection of Civil Judicial Jurisdiction concerning Foreign-related Ship Collision

船舶碰撞引起的海损事故纠纷是船舶在海上民事纠纷中最重要的类型。涉外船舶碰撞民事司法管辖权立法具有复杂性、国家主权性和差异性的特点,加强涉外船舶碰撞民事司法管辖权立法研究具有重要意义。我国涉外船舶碰撞民事司法管辖权立法存在船舶碰撞概念不清、连接点建立不当、《民事诉讼法》关于涉外船舶碰撞民事司法管辖权的立法不健全等问题。完善我国涉外船舶碰撞民事司法管辖权立法应当在"主权维护与风险共担平衡"的总体思路之下,统一船舶碰撞概念、优化连接点建立、重视涉外民事管辖立法、健全我国涉外船舶碰撞民事司法管辖权的立法体系。

Marine casualty dispute caused by ship collision is an important type in maritime civil disputes. On account of the complexity, national sovereignty and national differences of civil judicial jurisdiction legislation, it is significant to enhance the foreign-related civil judicial jurisdiction legislation of ship collision. And there are some deficiencies in our law, as the concept of ship collision is confusing, the point of contact is improper, and the legislation of new Civil Procedural Law on the subject is imperfect. Therefore, to improve the foreign-related civil judicial jurisdiction legislation of ship collision, we should unify the concept of ship collision, improve the connection point, and value the related legislation under the general idea of “sovereignty maintenance and risk sharing Balance”.