汉代缇骑考释

On the Investigation and Interpretation of Tiqi in the Han Dynasty

缇骑是一种身穿缇衣的武骑,武帝太初元年改中尉为执金吾已有缇骑。设置缇骑的目的是"徼循京师""职主先导"及"掌宫外戒司非常水火之事"。头带"武冠",身着缇衣,手执"金吾"是缇骑的身份特征。缇骑的职责是"舆服导从",督捕盗贼,维护京师治安,地位高于他类武骑及郡国兵。东汉以后,缇骑一度罢除,南朝陈朝时,缇骑数量大为扩充,成为军中主力;此后,缇骑很长时间未现于史册;及至明清,缇骑成为君主加强中央集权、控制全国的工具,职责明显加强,地位较两汉有所提高。

Tiqi is the cavalry in red, who come into being when Emperor Hanwudi changes Zhongwei into Zhijinwu in the first year of Taichu. The purpose of establishing Tiqi is to patrol the capital with the command, to guide and accompany the officials, and to control the danger in and out of the palace. Wearing soldiers＇ hat and red uniform, and holding Jinwu are their identity. Their duty is to guide and accompany the officials, to assist the arrest of theft to maintain the order of the capital, therefore they enjoy a higher status than others soldiers. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Tiqi system is removed once, but enlarged and becomes the main body of army in the Chen Dynasty during the Southern Dynasties. After that, it disappears in the history literature. However, they become the tool for the monarch to strengthen the central collective power and control the whole nation in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and enjoy the higher status than in the Han Dynasty because of the mightier power they are assigned.