绿色农业产地环境的生态补偿政策绩效评价

Research on the Evaluation of Ecological Compensation Policies of Green Agricultural Producing Areas: a Case in Dongxihu District in Wuhan

安全的产地环境为绿色农产品生产和绿色农业可持续发展奠定了良好的物质基础,是保证消费者食品安全的源头。农业生态补偿是通过综合利用行政、法律、经济等手段,对造成农业生态环境污染、农业生态破坏的个人和组织的负外部性行为进行收费(税),对恢复、维持和增强农业生态系统服务功能做出贡献的个人和组织的正外部性行为给予经济补偿的一种制度。为了了解区域绿色农业产地环境生态补偿政策的实施效果,本文以武汉市重要的农产品生产和供应基地东西湖区为例,运用层次分析法与模糊综合分析法,以生态价值、经济价值和社会价值为价值取向,构建了包括职能指标、效益指标、潜力指标3个一级指标,10个二级指标和39个三级指标体系,对东西湖区农业生态补偿政策实施绩效进行评价。评价结果表明,东西湖区在实施绿色农业产地环境生态补偿政策前后效益变化分值差都在30以上,最低变化值为31.42,最高变化值为59.75。其中,政策目的设计、政策战略规划、政策反馈指标、经济效益、生态效益、社会效益和行政组织建设等方面的变化值都在50以上,政策实施管理指标、资源利用、农业生态补偿技术的变化值都在30以上。由此可以看出,绿色农业产地环境生态补偿政策发挥了一定的作用,但还有进一步提升空间。为此,要加强绿色农业产地环境生态补偿政策实施管理,提高绿色农业产地环境生态资本利用效率,提升绿色农业产地环境生态补偿技术水平。

The security environment of the place of origin laid a good foundation for the green production and green agricultural sustainable development, and it is the source to ensure the consumer＇s food safety. Agricultural ecological compensation is a system which charges for the negative externality behaviors of individuals and organizations which pollute agricultural ecological environment and agricultural ecology, and give economic compensation to those positive externalities behaviors of individuals and organizations which contribute to restoring, maintaining and strengthening the service function of agricultural ecosystem by using administrative, legal, economic means and other means comprehensively. To have a better understanding of these policies in green agriculture producing area, a case contains the big agricultural production and supply base in Dongxihu District is selected to evaluate the performance of these policies. With ecological value, economic value and social value as the value orientation, this paper applies AHP and fuzzy comprehensive analysis methods to build an evaluation system of the performances which contains three standards of function index, efficiency index and potential index on level 1, 10 standards on level 2 and 39 indexes on level 3. The conclusion is that the evaluation score of the performances raises almost 30 ranging from the minimum 31.24 to the maximum 59.75 with the adopting of the policies in the research area. Among them, the change of policy goal design, strategic planning, policy feedback index, economic effectiveness, ecological effectiveness, social effectiveness and the construction of administrative organization value is above 50 ; the change of policy management index, resource utilization, agricultural ecological compensation technology values is more than 30. Therefore, the ecological compensation policies do work effectively and an improving promotion is further needed. Relevant departments ought to strengthen the implementation management of environmental ecological compensation policy, improve the ecological capital using efficiency and enhance the level of ecological compensation of agricultural technology in green agricuhural areas.