洞庭湖平原退田还湖区湿地生态功能建设初探

A wetland ecological construction study on reclaiming a lake from an area in Dongting Lake Plain

洞庭湖湿地是我国最大的淡水湖泊湿地生态系统之一 ,湿地资源丰富 ;由于人类长期不合理的开发利用 ,特别围湖造田等一系列人类活动影响 ,使湿地生态环境受到严重的破坏 ,洪涝灾害频繁 ,影响了湖区人民的生产生活 ;因此退田还湖、防洪减灾 ,恢复湿地 ,开展退田还湖区湿地生态功能区建设 ,不仅有利于湿地资源的保护 ,而且对发展湖区经济 ,改善湖区人民的生产生活具有十分重要的意义。

The DongTing Lake wetland is one of the largest lacustrine wetland eco-system in China. There are very plentiful wetland resources. But human's exploitation and utilization unreasonable for a long times, especially lake reclamation land, lead to the wetland's eco-environment destruction. There is frequently flood and waterlogged damage to affect the people production and living in lake area. Thus the he Reclaimed a lake from the field and flood control and disaster reduction, developed the returned field to lake area ecological construction, are benefited to reconstruct wetland ecological function and to protect wetland eco-environment and to develop lake area economics. This paper introduces the status and the history of the cofferdam reclamation in DongTing Lake. The reason and frequency of the flood and waterlogged are discussed in DongTing Lake. The important of the reclaimed a lake from the field is analyzed. According the ecological environment condition of the DongTing lake wetland, the index of the ecological construction of the cofferdam reclamation area of the DongTing Lake is discussed. The exploitation and utilization model of the wetland ecological construction are put forward, which is the model of the biodiversity ecological function area, fresh water fishery ecological function area, scientific expedition and tourism recreational ecological function area, green agriculture exploitation ecological function area and another ecological function area, a lot of question about the wetland ecological function area in Dongting Lake area to exploitation and utilization are stated which should be protective exploitation the wetland ecological environment so as to reach the goal of protecting wetland ecological system, rational exploitation wetland resources and to modernized the sustainable development of the wetland ecological environment to DongTing Lake area.