“英国文学”在剑桥大学的兴起

The Rise of “English Literature” at the University of Cambridge

本文回顾和梳理了"剑桥英文"从隶属于中世纪和现代语言到1917年成为独立的三脚凳考试科目近三十余年从"带着镣铐的缪斯"到"脱去镣铐的缪斯"的风雨历程,指出,由此形成的剑桥批评传统大体经历了瑞恰慈的实用批评、燕卜荪的语义批评、利维斯的道德批评和雷蒙·威廉斯的文化批评等四个主要阶段,揭示了与"剑桥英文"同步发展的剑桥批评传统经由四位代表人物的不断实验和革新,成为一个在20世纪批评的时代发挥引领作用的思想和文化的学科。

By way of a historical review of the rise of ＂Cambridge English＂ as evidenced in the shift from ＂the muse in chains＂ to ＂the muse unchained＂, the paper examines the formation and transformation of Cambridge tradition of literary criticism by the work of I. A. Richards, William Empson, F. R. Leavis and Raymond Williams who, in their respectively unique ways, jointly made ＂Cambridge English＂ a discipline of thought and culture that played a leading part in the Age of Criticism in the 20 th century.