《阿达》与文本作为文学批评

Nabokov's Ada and Text as Literary Critique

纳博科夫将文学批评有机地融入到《阿达或热情:一部家庭编年史》的叙述与情节之中,在文本中用戏仿、暗指、变位词、人物对话和作者闯入等方式对西方文学进行批评,演绎出其独特的文学观;作品中所指涉的作家和文学人物众多,被认为是对整个西方小说史的戏仿。而且,纳博科夫还在小说文本中对诗歌、戏剧以及文学技巧进行了评论。因此,《阿达或热情:一部家庭编年史》是一幅欧洲文学批评的全景画。探究纳博科夫在作品中的文学批评是研究其创作思想与叙述艺术的不可或缺的步骤。论文从戏仿、风格模仿、暗指、变位词、对话、叙述者的陈述、作者的直接评论等方面来探讨纳博科夫怎样将文本作为文学批评。

Nabokov incorporates naturally and organically literary criticism into the narrative and plot of Ada, criticizing the European and American literature through parodies, allusions, anagrams, dialogues and the authorial intrusion. His criticism which expounds his unique views deals with a lot of figures in Western literary history. Ada is regarded by some critics as a parody of the entire history of novel. Besides, he expounds his opinion on poetry, drama and literary techniques. Ada is, therefore, a panorama of Nabokov＇s literary criticism, the exploration of which is a necessary process in the study of his literary views and narrative art. This paper, analyzing parody, pastiche, allusion, dialogue, the narrator＇s voice and the author＇s direct comment, explores how Nabokov has converted the text of Ada into a literary critique.