清末民初女子教科书的德才观传承

The Inheritance of the Concept of Virtue and Learning of Women's Textbook in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China

清末民初的女子教科书以全新的文本形式和政治关怀开启了焕然一新的女性公共空间,它打破了"女子无学"、"女子无才便是德"的传统格局,为女性才智的发展提供了比以往任何时代都更为广泛的可能性。然而检视教科书文本却不难发现,在"女德"和"女才"的关系问题上,这一全新的文本形式与传统保持着十分清晰的连续性——它们认同"道德优先于才学"。它们嘲笑传统社会的"女子才学"行为,追求传统女性读本所倡导的道德和实用原则,它们塑造的两类新形象——贤妻良母和国民之母——均是"女德"的新型政治形式。

With their new textual form and political concern,women＇s textbooks in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China opened a completely new public space for women,broke the traditional pattern of treating women＇s ignorance as virtue,and provided greater possibilities for women to develop talents than ever.However,an examination of the textbooks will show that in the relationship of＂female virtue＂and＂female learning＂,the new textual form demonstrates a very clear continuity with tradition-they both agree on moral priority over learning.They laughed at the traditional＂female learning＂but followed the moral and practical principles advocated by traditional female books;they created two kinds of images-the image of an understanding wife and loving mother,that of the national mother.All these were but the new political form of female virtue.