从玛丽·沃斯通克拉夫特看英国启蒙时期的女性教育观

British Enlightenment Debate on Women's Education:An Approach from Mary Wollstonecraft

在启蒙时期的英国,女性仍然主要被禁锢在家庭这个私人领域,女子教育以家庭非正式教育模式为主。这一时期大部分男性启蒙思想家的女性教育理念与宗旨是使女性"依附"与"屈从"于男性,而以沃斯通克拉夫特为代表的一些女性知识分子开始意识到教育对女性解放的重要性,批判两性不平等的根源,提出培育女性的理性、发展新型女子教育的主张。本文分析了启蒙时期英国女性教育理论之争,探讨了沃斯通克拉夫特女性教育理论的主要内容及其对启蒙时期女性教育观的影响,以及她与同时代思想家就女性教育主张的异同点。

Although women were largely consigned to the domestic sphere in Britain during the eighteenth-century Enlightenment and little education was provided for them,the period marked a new stage in the general view of women＇s nature and abilities to learn. Mary Wollstonecraft attacked the exclusion of women from education,challenged some Enlightenment thinkers＇ point of view that women should be subordinate and dependent,and promoted an educational reform for the rise of a revolutionary generation of rational,freethinking and independent women. With this in mind,the present author attempts to reexamine the Enlightenment debate on women＇s education by exploring in detail the education theory of Mary Wollstonecraft.