中国燃煤电厂脱硝成本核算与影响因素分析

Analysis on abatement cost and its influencing factors on nitrogen oxide emissions from coal-fired power plants in China

脱硝电价政策是激励中国燃煤电厂开展NOX减排工作的重要政策工具,制定补贴标准是脱硝电价政策的重要内容。脱硝成本影响脱硝电价,科学核算脱硝成本是脱硝电价政策设计的前提。依据脱硝成本与脱硝电价的关系,综合考虑燃煤电厂进行脱硝设施改造产生的建设成本、运行成本、财务成本以及环境损失成本,构建了脱硝成本核算模型,并结合电厂调研数据,核算出中国燃煤电厂脱硝成本。结果表明,燃煤机组脱硝成本均在1 480万～4 475万元;建设成本与运行成本是脱硝成本的重要组成部分,分别占脱硝成本总量的31%、51%;装机容量、建设类型、脱硝工艺是导致不同机组脱硝成本存在差异的主要原因;燃煤电厂脱硝电价政策的改革在于综合考虑所在区域、装机容量、脱硝工艺、建设类型、脱硝效率等因素的基础上,实行脱硝电价差别补贴政策。

The subsidy policy,an insensitive instrument on NOXabatement in coal-fired power plants,plays an important role in abating NOX.The price setting is a vital content in the subsidy policy,and influenced by the denitrogen cost,so a scientific accounting for denitrogen cost is a necessity in the subsidy design.On the basis of the relationship between denitrogen cost and the subsidy,the denitrogen cost model was built and the denitrogen cost in coal-fired power plants in China was accounted.The results showed that the denitrogen cost was between 14 800 thousand yuan and 44 750 thousand yuan,and the manufacturing cost and operating cost were two main parts in denitrogen cost,occupied 31% and 51%separately.Then the influenced factors on denitrogen,such as the construction type,costcapacity and denitrogen technology,were analyzed.At last,different subside should be carried on in the future.