汉语阅读眼动控制:20年研究的总结

Eye Movement Control in Chinese Reading:A Summary over the Past 20 Years of Research

本文系统总结了20年来汉语阅读眼动控制的研究成果。在阅读过程中眼动控制主要回答两个问题:(1)哪些因素决定眼睛的注视时间(when);(2)哪些因素决定眼睛的注视位置(where)。对于第一个问题,已有研究从词边界信息、词频、熟悉性、预测性、语义透明度、具体性、非注视词的特性、词汇获得年龄进行了探讨;对于第二个问题,已有研究从汉字字号、笔画数、字结构、词长、词结构、词间空格、词频、预测性、合理性、年龄和阅读能力进行了探讨。通过比较发现,汉语阅读的眼动控制特点与拼音文字的眼动控制特点既有共同之处,又有差异之处。因此,汉语阅读的研究者需要在现有眼动控制模型的基础上,构建适合于汉语特性的眼动控制模型。

Researches on eye movement control in Chinese reading over the past 20 years were reviewed systematically. The oculomotor control system in reading has to make constant decisions in relation to the two issues： （1） what determines ＂when＂ to move the eyes; and （2） what determines ＂where＂ to move next？ A great deal of research has investigated how word boundary information, word frequency, familiarity, predictability, semantic transparency, concreteness, the characteristic of non-fixated words and age of acquisition influence the ＂when＂ decision. There are also researches （though comparatively limited） investigating how font size, stroke complexity, character structure, word length, word construction, inter-word spaces, frequency, predictability, reasonability, readers＇ age and reading ability influence the ＂where＂ decision. Both commonalities and differences of the characteristics of eye movement control exist in reading Chinese and alphabetic language scripts （like English）. Therefore, in order to establish a model of eye movement control in Chinese reading, we should consider the current findings and the nature of Chinese characteristics.