青少年网络成瘾的预防与干预研究

The Prevention and Intervention on Adolescent Internet Addiction

网络成瘾障碍(Internet Addiction Disorder,IAD)已成为影响青少年身心健康和正常学业表现的重要因素。针对青少年网络成瘾的心理预防与干预研究已开展逾十年,分析与总结显示,已有研究采用个体、团体等不同干预模式,采用认知行为、动机激发等不同咨询与治疗理论,对青少年网络成瘾行为的干预进行了大量探索;其中以团体干预模式及认知行为疗法为主导,并呈现多模式多理论相融合的趋势。借鉴已有研究的成果与不足,我们采用家庭治疗、认知行为、动机激发等多种咨询与治疗理论,结合心理需求网络满足优势等网络成瘾理论,形成了个体—家庭—学校的多水平预防与干预方案,并得到了实证研究的检验。今后的研究应进一步考虑青少年网络成瘾的生理因素,将生物—心理—社会三方面相结合形成系统性的网络成瘾预防与干预模式。

Internet Addiction Disorder has become a risky factor for physical and mental development and academic performance of adolescents. According to the studies about psychological prevention and intervention on adolescents＇ Internet addiction in the past more than 10 years, there were different psychological treatment approaches and modalities, among which is predominated by Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and group counseling. The programs in this field tend to integrate multiple approaches and modalities. Based on previous studies and different counseling theories such as Family Therapy, CBT, Motivational Interviewing, and internet addiction theories such as psychological need satisfaction, we have developed multi-level comprehensive prevention and intervention programs applied in the individual, family, or school, most of which have been tested by empirical studies. Future research can focus on biological factors of Internet addiction among adolescents, to eventually develop a systematic biopsychosocial program for psychological prevention and intervention on adolescents＇ Internet addiction.