氮肥施用量对高产型小麦品种“云麦53”产量及农艺性状的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Yield and Agronomic Trait in High-yield Wheat Cultivar Yunmai 53

为给高产型小麦品种“云麦53”的合理施氮提供理论依据,于2011—2012年在云南省易门、隆阳、弥勒3个试验点进行氮素单因子肥效试验,研究了5个施氮水平（0,75,150,225,300 kg/hm^2,分别用N0,N75,N150,N225,N300表示）对该品种主要农艺性状的影响。结果表明：随施氮量的增加,隆阳试验点的小麦产量持续增加,但N225与N300之间差异不显著;易门和弥勒试验点的小麦产量在N150处理下最高,随后开始下降,N300下降显著;随着施氮量的增加,有效穗和穗粒数增加,易门和弥勒试验点在N225处理下达到最高;千粒重在弥勒试验点以N0最高,易门和隆阳试验点以N75最高,随后增施氮肥千粒重降低;株高和穗长随施氮量的增加而升高。综合来看,“云麦53”在施氮量150～225 kg/hm^2条件下,有利于增加有效穗,提高穗粒数,从而获得较理想的籽粒产量。

In order to provide a theoretical basis for properly nitrogen application of high-yield wheat cultivar Yunmai 53. Field experiments were carried out during 2011-2012 in Yimen, Mile and Longyang. The experiments were all designed as randomized block arrangement with the application rates of N O, 75, 150, 225, 300 kg/hm^2, respectively, indicated as NO, N75, N150, N225 and N300, respectively. The results showed that the grain yield all increased with the increasing of nitrogen application amount in Longyang, although the difference in grain yield was statistically insignificant between N225 and N300, but those of N150 reached the highest in Yimen and Mile, then decreased, it statistically decreased at N300. The spikes number per hectare and grains number per spike increased with the increasing of nitrogen application amount, it showed the highest spike number and grains number per spike when nitrogen application amount was 225 kg per hectare in Yimen and Mile. But thousand kernel weight of NO was the highest in Mile, which of N75 was the highest in Yimen and Longy- ang, it decreased with the increasing of nitrogen application amount. Plant height and ear length increased with the increasing of nitrogen application supply. On the whole, the proper N application with 150 - 225 kg/hm^2 was beneficial to increasing spike number and grains number per spike, resulting in achieving satisfactory grain yield of Yunmai 53.