从眼动实验看地图学实验的哲学意义及作用

Function discussion on cartographic cognitive experimental methods from philosophical view by eye movement experiment

科学活动的哲学三要素包括主体要素、客体要素及工具要素。地图学实验研究作为人类认知世界的科学活动的方式之一,也应该具有以上基本属性。其中,主体要素是制图者和用图者,客体要素是地图,工具要素是各种地图学认知实验方法。文章从哲学角度对地图学实验研究科学活动三要素进行解析,介绍了问卷调查、眼动实验、出声思维等目前常用的各种地图学认知实验方法,并对眼动实验在地图学研究中的作用进行了归纳分析。

On philosophical view,there are three elements in scientific activities：scientists,scientific activities objects and scientific tools.As for cartography,it can be looked on as a kind of special scientific activities because human often use it to cognize the environment.So,it owns the three factors above.In a sense,the scientists of cartography can refer to the makers or the users.If maps are regarded as the objects,the scientific tools must be all kinds of cartographic cognitive experimental methods,which were mentioned in this paper and the eye movement experiment became the focus to discuss the function of the cartographic cognitive experimental methods.