城乡二元结构、户籍制度与江苏劳动收入份额

The Dual Structure,the Household Registration System and the Labor Income Share in Jiangsu

本文运用刘易斯的二元经济模型对江苏劳动收入份额进行了分析,发现在"刘易斯拐点"到来之前,农村剩余劳动力的无限供给加大了就业压力,限制了工资水平的上升,高速经济增长的成果多被资本所分享。具有中国特色的户籍制度进一步限制了城乡间的劳动力流动,使得大量人口滞留农村,导致农业边际产出下降,降低了农民工的保留工资,也制约了城市劳动者的工资水平,使得劳动收入比重长期保持在下降的趋势。对上述结论运用江苏的数据进行验证,证实了二元经济下巨大的就业压力会导致劳动收入份额的下降。

This paper analyzes the labor income share in Jiangsu province with Lewis′s dual economy model.It is found that before the arrival of the Lewis turning point,unlimited supply of rural surplus labor force enhances the employment pressure,which limits the rise in wages,and the results of rapid economic growth are more shared by the capital.The household registration system with Chinese characteristics,further limits labor mobility between ur-ban and rural areas,so that a large number of people stay in rural areas,which results in declined outputs in mar-ginal agricultural,reduces the reservation wages of migrant workers,restricts the wages of urban workers,and also exacerbates labor income proportion decline for a long time.To verify the above conclusion by using the data of Jiangsu,it is confirmed that the enormous employment pressure under urban -rural dual structure will lead to the decline in the share of labor income.