金川高应力矿床充填采矿技术研究进展与亟待解决的技术难题

Research development of filling mining technique and technical problems to solve in Jinchuan Nickel Mine with high stress

金川镍矿是世界上少见的大型硫化铜镍矿床。矿体埋藏深、地应力高、地压大、矿岩体不稳固,是目前世界上难采矿床之一。针对金川矿床不利的采矿技术条件,自建矿50多年来,金川矿山已经开展了大量广泛的采矿技术研究。本文首先概述了金川矿山工程概况,归纳总结了金川矿山充填采矿发展历程;然后,阐述了金川矿山充填技术研究以及所取得的研究成果。主要包括:根据工程地质研究和采矿方法试验,选择了与之相适应的下向分层进路胶结充填采矿方法;通过高浓度料浆自流输送和膏体泵送两种充填系统中的关键技术研究,在充填体作用机理、固体废物利用、充填料浆流变特性以及管道减阻输送等方面取得的研究成果;尤其针对膏体充填系统所存在的问题开展了技术攻关和系统改造,由此获得重大科技成果,使膏体充填系统顺利达产。最后指出了目前金川矿山充填开采现状以及存在的主要问题,并提出了金川大型镍矿实现安全、高效、经济和环保充填法开采仍亟待研究解决的关键技术难题。

Jinchuan Nickel Mine is one of the large copper sulfide nickel deposit in world. Because the buried depth of the ore is larger, the ground stress is higher and the stability of the ore and rock masses is poorer, it is one of the most difficult deposits to mining in the world. Ac- cording to the mining technical conditions of Jinchuan deposit, a lot of researches have been carried out since the mine was built. At first, this paper provides a brief overview on engineer- ing general situation of Jinchuan mine, then summarizes the filling mining development in Jin- chuan mine. On this basis, it further expounds the research results of filling technology ob- tained in Jinchuan mine. Based on a large number of research on engineering geology and min- ing method test, the downward layered cemented filling mining method was used. Research de- velopment on filling mechanism, multipurpose use of solid waste, filling slurry rheological properties and pipe reduction conveying etc. had been obtained. Especially the paste filling tech- nology that was the first time to be used in our country, was studied and filling system was re- formed, the paste filling had reached design production capacity smoothly. Finally it points out the current situation and existing main problems in filling mine and puts forward key technical problems to solve in order to realize the safe, efficient, economic and environmental mining in Jinchuan Nickel Mine.