晚清东三省巡边制度研究

The System of Border Patrol in the three Northeastern Provinces of China in the Late Qing Dynasty Study

既往的中国边疆史研究,比较重视各地卡伦的设置情况,为了驳斥俄国以常驻卡伦划分边界的主张,特别强调卡伦的内治功能,而对于边疆卡伦的外防性质则重视不够,尤其是忽视了巡边制度的研究。事实上,无论在清代前期还是在后期,边疆卡伦均具有明确的外防功能。边疆卡伦的设置属于固定的军事据点,通过"会哨"、"统巡"和"查阅"等巡边制度的建立,才使边防军队相互游动起来,把一个个孤立的据点连接在一起,形成为一条实实在在的边防线。不了解这一巡边制度,就无法全面理解清代军队的边防功能。东三省的巡边制度在全国边疆地区具有典型意义,应当引起史家重视。

To contradict Russia＇ s proposition that military post should be the boundaries between China and Russia , previous historians focused on the setting situations and internal administrative function of military post all over the country , but they ignored its external defensive character especially the frontier-- inspected system . In fact , frontier Karun had definite external defensive function in the whole Qing Dynasty It was a kind of stationary military post, and it made the frontier forces interact with each other and all the isolated strongholds interconnect with each other through some frontierminspected systems such as Huishao （regular patrol） Tongxun （unified patrol） and Chayue （the high ranking official＇ s border army patrol）, finally a genuine defensive line was founded . We can＇ t comprehend the frontier defensive function of Qing forces if we don＇ t understand the frontier--inspected system . Therefore historians should pay more attention to the frontier--inspected system of northeast provinces because of its typical character.