挪威学派气象学家的研究工作和生平:J.皮叶克尼斯、H.索尔伯格和T.贝吉龙

On the Researches and Life Experiences of Bergen School Scientists: Jacob Bjerknes, Halvor Solberg and Tor Bergeron

气象学的挪威学派(Norwegian School,又称卑尔根学派(Bergen School of Meteorology))由挪威气象学家V.皮叶克尼斯(Vilhelm Bjerknes)创立,在20世纪大气科学发展中贡献卓著,他们创立的极锋理论和锋面气旋模型对现代气象学影响深远。本文以挪威学派为线索,系统介绍了该学派的创立始末、发展历程和主要学术成就,分别对挪威学派三位重要气象学家J.皮叶克尼斯(Jacob Bjerknes)、H.索尔伯格(Halvor Solberg)及T.贝吉龙(Tor Bergeron)的生平经历、研究工作和重要研究成果的形成过程进行了回顾,包括锋面气旋模型和极锋理论、索尔伯格的惯性波研究、贝吉龙冷云降水过程等,并对其贡献进行了总结。

The Bergen School of meteorology, founded by the Norwegian meteorologist Vilhelm Bjerknes, has played a signiifcant role in the development of modern atmospheric sciences. They put forward several important theories including the polar front theory and the frontal cyclone model, which influenced modern meteorology profoundly. In this paper, the foundation of the Bergen School and the chief academic achievements were reviewed. The life and research experiences of three significant members： Jacob Bjerknes, Halvor Solberg and Tor Bergeron were introduced. We focus on the development process of their theories, including the front-cyclone concept, polar front theory, Solberg’s work on inertial wave and Bergeron’s dedication to the development of cold-cloud precipitation theory. The contributions of these three greatest meteorologists are also discussed.