济南市菜地蔬菜富集重金属的特征研究

Characteristic of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Vegetables in Jinan Vegetable Fields

[目的]以济南市菜地为研究对象,通过研究不同蔬菜品种富集重金属的特征,筛选出抗重金属污染的蔬菜品种。[方法]田间采样与室内分析相结合。[结果]济南市菜地土壤中重金属全量果菜类>叶菜类>茎菜类;蔬菜各部位中Zn富集最多,Cd富集最少;不同蔬菜可食部位重金属含量存在差异,同种蔬菜可食部位不同重金属含量也存在明显差异。[结论]蔬菜富集重金属能力大小为Zn>Cd>Pb>Cu>Cr,黄瓜最不容易积累重金属,菠菜和土豆富集系数较大,抗重金属污染能力弱。

[ Objective ] In Jinan vegetable fields, the characteristics of heavy metal accumulation in different vegetables were studied to identi- fy pollution - tolerant vegetable varieties. [ Method ] The study combined the field sampling with laboratory analysis was carried out. [ Result ] The concentration of heavy metals in soil of Jinan vegetable fields was fruit vegetables 〉 leaf vegetables 〉 stem vegetables. Heavy metal Zn was the highest in different vegetable parts, while Cd was the least. The concentration of heavy metals in different vegetable types was different and it in the same type of vegetables was different. [ Conclusion] The enrichment ability of vegetables for heavy metals was Zn 〉 Cd 〉 Pb 〉 Cu 〉 Cr. Cucumber （Cucumis sativus） was the most difficult to accumulate heavy metals. The bioaccumulation of spinach （Spinacia oleracea） and potato （Solanum tuberosum） was high, so their abilities against heavy metal pollution were weak.