施用生物炭对土壤和作物的影响

Effect of Application of Biochar on Soil and Crops

生物炭是将农作物秸秆、木屑等含碳量丰富的生物质材料在无氧或限氧的条件下热解而得到的一种细粒度、多孔性的碳质材料,其农业利用的发展前景广阔。原料种类、生产过程中的温度以及添加物料对生物炭的性质都有较大的影响。土壤中施用生物炭可以改变土壤的基本性质、土壤养分和离子的赋存特征、土壤微生物和酶活性。生物炭施用量影响其作用效果。施用生物炭能够明显改变作物根系和植株的系统发育,影响产量和品质构成。要进一步强化生物炭与土壤的氮、磷等营养物质的互作效应、生物炭性质特征与保护地土壤质量改善、生物炭对作物生理生化和产量品质的影响以及"生物炭-土壤-作物"连续体等方面的研究。

Biochar was made by carbon rich biomass materials in the absence of oxygen or oxygen limited conditions, and it was a fine- grained, porous carbonaceous material. There were broad prospects of using biochar in agriculture. Many factors affected the properties of bio- char, such as types of raw materials, temperature conditions of production process and types of adding materials. Application of biochar in soil could change the soil basic properties, nutrient and ion distribution, microorganism and enzyme activity. Application number of biochar in the soil influenced effects. Applying biochar could significantly change the crop root and plant development, yield and products quality. Some studies need to be further conducted such as interaction effects among nitrogen, phosphorus and other soil nutrient and biochar, soil quality characteristics and protection of biochar properties, effects of biochar on crop physiology, yield and quality, as well as continuum of biochar soil crop.