无坝引水明渠淤积成因物理模拟试验研究

Physical Simulation Test Study of Deposition Causes of Diversion Open Channel without Dam

我国新疆河流含沙量高,在取水发电时应修建必要拦沙设施,但由于生态环境需要,许多取水设施为无坝明渠引水,在引水同时引进大量泥沙,导致明渠形成淤积。针对新疆某典型无坝引水系统,采用物理模拟方法模拟整个引水过程,分析了引水口和渠道内部的淤积变化情况。结果表明,上游来沙量大、取水口淤积体形成及渠道底坡的共同作用使得引水明渠形成淤积,为此提出改变取水口形态与增大渠道坡度就可大幅减小渠道淤积。

Rivers in Xinjiang have high sediment concentration in our country.The sediment facility is necessary for building when making use of water power generation.Due to the ecological environment needs,a lot of water intake facilities are open channel diversion without dam.While producing a lot of sediment in water diversion,it leads to the formation of open channel siltation.Taking a typical undammed water diversion system in Xinjiang for an example,the method of physical simulation demonstration was adopted and the whole process of water diversion was simulated.And then the change of the deposition in water intake and inside channel is analyzed.The results show that due to the intake deposition body formation and channel bottom slope lead to the water diversion open channel formation deposition.Therefore,it puts forward that changing the shape of water intake and increasing the channel slope can greatly reduce the deposition of the channel.