我国不同地区大豆主栽品种种子携带真菌研究

Seed-Borne Fungi Detection in Different Soybean Cultivars

采用组织分离法与形态鉴定相结合,对全国不同大豆产区的304个大豆主栽品种种子携带真菌情况进行了研究。结果表明:大豆种子携带的真菌主要有10个属,其中从大豆表面分离到的真菌中青霉属(Penicillium spp.)所占比例最大,其次是曲霉属(Aspergillus spp.)、镰刀属(Fusarium spp.)和根足霉属(Rhizopus spp.),此外还有链格孢属(Alternaria spp.)、木霉属(Trichoderma spp.)、枝孢属(Cladosporium spp.)、尾孢属(Cercospora spp.)、赤霉属(Gibberella spp.)、疫霉属(Phytophthora spp.);大豆种皮内携带的真菌优势种群为青霉属,其次为镰刀属,此外还有根足霉属、木霉属等;大豆种子内寄藏的真菌中青霉属占绝对优势,其次为镰刀属和曲霉属,此外还有链格孢属、根足霉属等。种外、种内携带的优势种群相互影响很大,呈正相关。

With the method combining the tissue separation culture and morphological identification,the seed-born fungi of the national 304 main cultivars of soybean from China was detected. The results showed that there were 10 genera of fungi were isolated from soybean seeds. The dominant population was Penicillium spp.,followed by Aspergillus spp.,Fusarium spp. and Rhizopus spp. In addition the other genera were also founded,such as Alternaria spp.,Trichoderma spp.,Cladosporium spp.,Cercospora spp.,Gibberella spp.,Rhizopus spp. and Phytophthora spp.. The fungi was carried in the coat of soybean seed,the advantage fungi group was Penicillium spp.,the second was Fusrium spp.,then were Rhizopus spp.,Trichoderma spp. in addition. The fungi hiden in the inner of soybean seeds,Penicillium was dominant population,the second was Fusrium and Aspergillus,Alternaria and Rhizopus were in addition. The mutual influence was great between the dominant fungi population of different place in seed. They are positive correlation.