涡轮增压柴油机高原性能试验研究

Experimental Study on Performance of Turbocharged Diesel Engine on Plateau

在发动机高原环境模拟试验台上，对0～4500 m不同海拔高度下某涡轮增压柴油机的性能进行了试验。对比分析了海拔高度对涡轮增压柴油机动力性、经济性和增压器性能的影响。试验结果表明：随着海拔高度的升高，发动机进气量减小、功率下降、燃油消耗率升高，增压器转速、压比升高，易出现高速超速、超温和低速喘振的问题。在海拔4500 m高原环境下，发动机标定功率为254．1 kW （2100 r／min），比平原状态下降了23．1％，此时增压器转速已经达到上限（106000 r／min），涡轮入口温度为746℃，接近温度上限。

At the altitude of 0‐4 500 m ,the performance of a turbocharged diesel engine was studied on the plateau‐simulated test bench and the influences of altitude on power ,economy and turbocharging performance of turbocharged diesel engine were compared and analyzed .The results show that the intake air flow rate decreases ,the power declines and the specific fuel con‐sumption increases with the increase of altitude .In addition ,the velocity and pressure ratio of turbocharger increase and the problems of overspeed and overtemperuature at high speed and surging at low speed occur easily .At the altitude of 4 500 m , the maximum power of engine is 254 .1 kW（2 100 r/min） ,which is 23 .1% lower than the rated power .Meanwhile ,the veloci‐ty of turbocharger and the inlet temperature of turbine have reached or approached their own upper limits , which are 106 000 r/min and 746 ℃ respectively .