明清以降太极拳的思想流变研究

A study of the ideological evolution of Taijiquan since the Ming and Qing dynasties

对太极拳的工具理性进行了归纳分析,太极拳的工具理性实际上是科学技术发展和人类理性观念的产物。当今太极拳发展表现出强烈的工具理性,是太极拳发展过程中不可逾越的历史阶段,更是太极拳保持鲜活生命力的重要支撑。明清以来,太极拳由生活需要的乡间把式,到社会需要的政治工具,最后是工具理性的科学价值回归。这种思想流变的文化内因是太极拳浓厚的儒家入世思想表征:达则兼济天下的扬"礼"而立、君子无所争的天下情怀;历史动因是特定时期的国难当头:蛮夷之扰到西方殖民者入侵的转变、鸦片战争的国弱民疲、武以图存的政治选择、武术改良的导火索。

The author collated and analyzed the instrumental rationality of Taijiquan, which is actually the product of technological development and human rationality ideas. Taijiquan development nowadays shows intense instru-mental rationality, is an indispensible historical stage in the process of Taijiquan development, also an important support for Taijiquan to maintain its vibrant vitality. Since the Ming and Qing dynasties, Taijiquan evolved from folk martial arts needed by life, to a political tool needed by society, and lastly to the return to scientific value of instru-mental rationality. As for such an ideological evolution, its cultural intrinsic cause is Taijiquan’s keen Confucian world philosophy representation： a world sentiment that says custom will last if successful and gentlemen should never fight for anything; its historical cause is national crises in specific periods： changing from Barbarians’ har-assment to western colonists’ invasion, nation weakening and national wearing out during the Opium War, political choice of survival by fighting, the blasting fuse of Wushu improvement.