4种神经症患者心理健康状况和个性特征总结与探讨

Summary and discussion of mental health status and personality characteristics of patients with 4 kinds of neurosis

目的:分析恐惧症、强迫症、焦虑和抑郁神经症患者的心理健康状况和个性特征,辅助临床诊断并提供用药指导。方法:对心理科门诊就诊的400例患者采用症状自评量表和艾森克个性问卷方式进行调查,对患者的恐惧症、强迫症、焦虑和抑郁神经症等特征与心理状况进行评定。结果:4种神经症患者的总均分(总分、症状均分、总均分和阳性项目)大于160,其中抑郁症组患者的平均得分高于其它3组(P<0.05);除"敌对"和"焦虑"外,其他因子间均存在统计学差异(P<0.05);患者神经质均分超过中间值,掩饰性、精神质、内外向各维度的量表均在中间值,焦虑症在神经质分中比其他3种神经症低,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:焦虑和抑郁症患者躯体化症状明显,抑郁和强迫症以强迫症状为主,抑郁和恐惧症常表现为人际关系紧张,4种神经症主要表现为轻度精神病倾向和神经质倾向。

Objective： To analyze phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, depressive neurosis patients＇ mental healthstatus and personality characteristics, so as to provide guidance for clinical assistant diagnosis and clinical drug use. Methods： 400 ca-ses visiting psychology department in our hospital were investigated by SCL-90, Eysenck personality questionnaire for the patients withphobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, depressive neurosis to understand their personality characteristics and mental healthstatuses. Results： For the 4 kinds of neurosis, the total mean scores （total score, symptom mean scores, total mean score, positive i-tems） were all greater than 160, wherein, the mean score of the patients in depression group was higher than those of the other threegroups （P〈0. 05）; in addition to the ＂hostile＂ and ＂anxiety＂, other factors had statistical differences （P〈0. 05）. The mean neuroticscore exceeded the intermediate value, while the scores of concealment, psychoticism, introversion and extroversion were in the inter-mediate values. The anxiety score in neuroticism was less than those of the other three kinds of neurosis, and there were significantlystatistical differences （P〈0. 05）. Conclusions： The patients with anxiety and depression have an obvious somatization symptoms,those with obsessive-compulsive disorder mainly have obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and those with depression and phobia oftenshow as interpersonal tension. The 4 kinds of neurosis show mild psychoticism and neuroticism tendency.