国内外硬质合金再生利用的现状与对策

Status and Countermeasures of Cemented Carbide Recycling both at Home and Abroad

硬质合金具有一系列优良性能,是制造业不可或缺的工具材料。世界经济的复苏和增长带动了全球硬质合金工具需求的稳步增长,我国的硬质合金产量也在不断增长,2013年我国硬质合金产量达到2.5万吨,约占全球总产量的38%。作为硬质合金主要组分的钨,是一种不可再生的重要战略稀缺性资源,随着钨资源的不断减少,价格不断上涨,欧美各国先后建立了战略储备机制,并积极开展钨的回收再利用。本文综述了废旧硬质合金回收再生的方法和发展趋势,通过对国外硬质合金生产、消费主要国家和公司硬质合金再生利用现状的调研分析,结合我国废旧硬质合金回收再生现状及存在的问题,提出应对策略:充分认识废旧硬质合金资源化循环利用、保障可持续发展的现实意义;创新发展废旧硬质合金的高品质回收再利用方法;建立废旧硬质合金再生利用的行业协会。

Cemented carbide with a series of excellent properties is an indispensable tool material for manufacturing.The world economic recovery and growth has been driving the steady growth of the global demand for cemented carbide tools. The production of cemented carbide in China is also increasing, the yield has been reached 25 000 tons in 2013,which accounts for about 38% of the total output in the world. Tungsten is one of important strategic non-renewable scarcity resources as a main component in cemented carbide. With the increasing scarcity of the tungsten resource, the price of tungsten continued to rise, the strategic reserve mechanism of tungsten was established in Europe and the United States,meanwhile the recycling of tungsten was developed. The method and development trend of cemented carbide scrap recycling were reviewed in this paper. The development status in the main production and consumption countries and companies abroad was investigated and analyzed. The countermeasures were put forward according to the present development and existing problems of cemented carbide scrap recycling in China. The realistic significance of recycling tungsten carbide scrap and insurance for sustainable development should be fully recognized. The method of high-quality recycling tungsten carbide scrap should be innovated and developed. The establishment of industry association for recycling waste tungsten carbide is available.