清代前期黄河额征河银空间形态特征的初步研究——以乾隆五十七年的山东为例

A preliminary study late Qianlong Yellow River silver space levy amount morphological characteristics-based on Shandong in 1792AD

本文利用清代的河工钱粮档案记录,复原了乾隆晚期山东额征河银在各州县的征收额度、与地丁银比例等要素,并通过GIS技术呈现其空间面貌。对山东额征河银的分布格局研究发现,清政府在山东的42个州县和4个卫所施行额征河银,但额度分配没有统一标准,少数州县承担了额征河银任务的一半以上;河银认缴的主要州县分布在黄运之间的夹角地带,极易遭到旱涝灾害影响,导致地丁银征收出现困难,进而造成额征河银拖欠现象的风险增高。这一布局特征成为定额河银制度难以持续的重要原因。

In this paper, the Qing river land tax records, with the recovery of the amount of levy Qianlong late Shandong impose limits on the river bank of the counties, and to the small proportion of silver and other elements, and presents its space look through GIS technology, the amount of levy by Shandong River of Silver distribution pattern can be found, the Qing government 42 counties and 4 guard in the amount of levy imposed by the Shandong silver River, but there is no uniform standard quota allocation, a few counties bear more than half the amount of levy River Bank task Meanwhile, the major river banks subscribed counties located in the heart of the angle between the yellow trans- ported easily have been droughts and floods affected, causing widespread river banks defaulted phe- nomenon. This layout features become fixed river bank system unsustainable important reasons.