瞿塘关名称、位置及空间布局的演变——兼及历史时期瞿塘关的军事地理形势

The Evolution of the Name,Location and Spatial Distribution of Qutang Pass,With a Study of Military Geography Situation of Qutang Pass in Historical Period

瞿塘关位于瞿塘峡口,是巴蜀通往荆楚地区的重要关隘,是长江上游江面上的一处关隘。瞿塘关的位置历史时期常有变动,但都在瞿塘峡西口之长江两岸,布防主要依托赤甲、白帝诸城,三国时期夹江设关提高了它的防御能力,五代以后铁索横江之法的应用则使其防御效果进一步凸显,其名称亦随着各个时期防御的不同特点而由扞关、江关向瞿塘关、锁关转化。瞿塘关名称、位置及空间格局三者的演变存在紧密的联系,军事地理形势的变化则是推动其演变的内在诱因。

Located at the narrow of Qutang Gorge, Qutang Pass not only serves as one of the im- portant passes traveling by waterways from Bashu to Jingchu area, but also plays a significant part in China＇s military geopolitical pattern. Qutang Pass dates back to the Spring and Autumn Period, with its name, location, deployment and defensive effect constantly changing due to different military situa- tions and the improvement of offensive and defensive measures. According to relevant historical docu- ments,archaeological data and field investigations, conclusion can be made as follows： The name of Qutang Pass has been officially used since Tang and Song dynasty, with its ancient name as Han Pass or Jiang Pass; Qutang Pass is always located at the eastern narrow of Qutang Gorge, on both sides of the Yangtze river, even though its positions have changed during different historical periods; The de- fense of Qutang Pass mainly relies on Chijia Mountain and Baidi cities. The iron chains were used across the Yangzi River during the Five Dynasties had achieved sound defensive effects and thus star- ted being used for future generations.